Articles

The impact of non-medical cannabis legalization and other exposures on retention in longitudinal cannabis research: a survival analysis of a prospective study of Canadian medical cannabis patients

Despite repeated calls by medical associations to gather evidence on the harms and benefits of cannabis, there are ongoing methodological challenges to conducting observational and clinical studies on cannabis...

Authors: Philippe Lucas, Susan Boyd, M.-J. Milloy and Zach Walsh

The use and effects of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists by New South Wales cannabis treatment clients

Despite decreasing consumption by general populations, use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) persists in some marginalised groups, including those who use other substances. This article explor...

Authors: Melissa A. Jackson, Amanda L. Brown, Jennifer Johnston, Richard Clancy, Iain McGregor, Raimondo Bruno, Nick Lintzeris, Mark Montebello, Jennifer Luksza, Jenny Bowman, Nghi Phung, Dave Allsop and Adrian J. Dunlop

Processing and extraction methods of medicinal cannabis: a narrative review

As the cannabis industry transitions from a black market to a legal market, product development, and methods of extraction have become a focal point. To date, more than thousands of chemical constituents have ...

Authors: Masoumeh Pourseyed Lazarjani, Owen Young, Lidya Kebede and Ali Seyfoddin

Assessing the treatment of cannabidiolic acid methyl ester: a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid on c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus of rats

Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychotropic compound from Cannabis sativa, shows positive results on controlling several health disturbances; however, comparable data regarding additional chemical from C. sativa, suc...

Authors: Eric Murillo-Rodríguez, Diana Millán-Aldaco, Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Roger G. Pertwee, Linda Parker and Raphael Mechoulam

Study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) extraction FROM dried oral fluid spots (DOFS) and LC–MS/MS detection

Oral fluid is a widely studied matrix able to isolate the primary Cannabis constituent THC, facilitating its detection via mass spectrometry, and in most cases link these findings to recent drug use. As an alt...

Authors: Roberta Gorziza, Joseph Cox, Renata Pereira Limberger and Luis E. Arroyo-Mora

Form and content of Jamaican cannabis edibles

In 2017, the Jamaican government banned the sale of cannabis-infused edibles after reports of over-intoxication in adults and children. There is a general lack of public awareness regarding the risk involved w...

Authors: Carole M. Lindsay, Wendel D. Abel, Erica E. Jones-Edwards, Paul D. Brown, Khalia K. Bernard and Tainia T. Taylor

Density of medical and recreational cannabis outlets: racial/ethnic differences in the associations with young adult intentions to use cannabis, e-cigarettes, and cannabis mixed with tobacco/nicotine

Differences in access to medical versus recreational cannabis outlets and their associations with intentions to use cannabis have not yet been examined among young adults. This study compares the associations ...

Authors: Regina A. Shih, Joan S. Tucker, Eric R. Pedersen, Rachana Seelam, Michael S. Dunbar, Aaron Kofner, Caislin Firth and Elizabeth J. D’Amico

Recreational cannabis legalization and alcohol purchasing: a difference-in-differences analysis

Whether recreational cannabis legalization is associated with changes in alcohol consumption (suggesting a potential substitution or complementary relationship) is a key question as cannabis policy evolves, pa...

Authors: Collin M. Calvert and Darin Erickson

Medicinal cannabis: knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of Colombian psychiatrists

The use of cannabinoids in mental health has gained strength in recent years due to emerging scientific evidence and the lifting of prohibitionist laws that prevailed for years in many countries, including Col...

Authors: Juan Manuel Orjuela-Rojas, Xiomara García Orjuela and Sabina Ocampo Serna

Potential impacts of soil microbiota manipulation on secondary metabolites production in cannabis

Cannabis growing practices and particularly indoor cultivation conditions have a great influence on the production of cannabinoids. Plant-associated microbes may affect nutrient acquisition by the plant. Howev...

Authors: Bulbul Ahmed and Mohamed Hijri

Editor’s note to: A cannabis oracle? Delphi method not a substitute for randomized controlled trials of cannabinoids as therapeutics

Authors: David A. Gorelick

A cannabis oracle? Delphi method not a substitute for randomized controlled trials of cannabinoids as therapeutics

With millions of people using cannabinoids to treat a host of medical conditions, clinicians want guidance on how to utilize cannabinoids as pharmacotherapy in their practices. The Delphi method is a systemati...

Authors: Kevin P. Hill and Donald I. Abrams

Consensus recommendations on dosing and administration of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain: results of a modified Delphi process

Globally, medical cannabis legalization has increased in recent years and medical cannabis is commonly used to treat chronic pain. However, there are few randomized control trials studying medical cannabis ind...

Authors: Arun Bhaskar, Alan Bell, Michael Boivin, Wellington Briques, Matthew Brown, Hance Clarke, Claude Cyr, Elon Eisenberg, Ricardo Ferreira de Oliveira Silva, Eva Frohlich, Peter Georgius, Malcolm Hogg, Tina Ingrid Horsted, Caroline A. MacCallum, Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl, Colleen O’Connell…

Electronic cigarette and cannabis use: results from the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey

To determine the relationship between lifetime e-cigarette use and current cannabis use among youth. Our analyses accounted for county variability, in addition to student-level covariates.

Authors: Amanda Luken, Johannes Thrul and Renee M. Johnson

Evaluation of cannabidiol’s inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase and its stability in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids

Cannabidiol (CBD) has been reported to have anti-diabetic effects in pre-clinical and clinical studies but its inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme, remain unknown. Herein, we ev...

Authors: Hang Ma, Huifang Li, Chang Liu and Navindra P. Seeram

Cannabidiol use and effectiveness: real-world evidence from a Canadian medical cannabis clinic

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a primary component in the cannabis plant; however, in recent years, interest in CBD treatments has outpaced scientific research and regulatory advancement resulting in a confusing landsca...

Authors: Lucile Rapin, Rihab Gamaoun, Cynthia El Hage, Maria Fernanda Arboleda and Erin Prosk

Correction to: Industrial hemp as an agricultural crop in Ghana

Authors: Nana Osei Owusu, Benedict Arthur and Emmanuel Mensah Aboagye

Cannabis use frequency, route of administration, and co-use with alcohol among older adults in Washington state

The US national surveys and data from legal adult use cannabis states show increases in the prevalence of cannabis use among older adults, though little is known about their manner of cannabis consumption. Her...

Authors: Meenakshi S. Subbaraman and William C. Kerr

Predictors of cannabis and tobacco co-use in youth: exploring the mediating role of age at first use in the population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) study

Adolescents often use substances such as tobacco and cannabis. Co-use of these substances can lead to physical, mental, and psychosocial difficulties beyond that which would be anticipated by simple additivity...

Authors: Crystal Lederhos Smith, Brittany Rhoades Cooper, Andre Miguel, Laura Hill, John Roll and Sterling McPherson

Comparing medical cannabis use in 5 US states: a retrospective database study

US states have been adopting their own medical cannabis laws since 1996. There is substantial variability in the medical cannabis programs between states, and these differences have not been thoroughly investi...

Authors: V. Kishan Mahabir, Christopher S. Smith, Christopher Vannabouathong, Jamil J. Merchant and Alisha L. Garibaldi

MicroED and cannabinoid research

MicroED has recently emerged as a convenient and powerful tool for the unequivocal structure determination of small molecules and it could likely be used in cannabinoid research as well.

Authors: Crist N. Filer

What are the informational pathways that shape people’s use of cannabidiol for medical purposes?

Cannabidiol (CBD) is commonly used to manage symptoms in conditions and diseases for which there is limited clinical research for its application. How consumers arrive and decide to use CBD for medical treatme...

Authors: Marco A. Zenone, Jeremy Snyder and Valorie A. Crooks

Are researchers getting the terms used to denote different types of recreational cannabis right?—a user perspective

While current cannabis research has advanced our understanding into the effects of its individual components, there is a pressing need to identify simple terminology that is understood in the same way by resea...

Authors: Ava Mason, Musa Sami, Caitlin Notley and Sagnik Bhattacharyya

Cannabidiol oxidation product HU-331 is a potential anticancer cannabinoid-quinone: a narrative review

Cannabidiol and related cannabinoids are under exploration for the treatment of a number of disease states. The cannabinoid-quinone HU-331 has been studied as a potential anticancer therapeutic. Previous studi...

Authors: Judy Trac, J. Myles Keck and Joseph E. Deweese

Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the inhibition of Sindbis virus replication: a preliminary study

Sindbis virus (Alphaviridae) is a plus-strand RNA virus that is dependent on the host cell for replication. Cannabinoid (CB) receptors are found on most human cells, including virally infected cells. Activatio...

Authors: Juan L. Rodriguez, Joseph A. Lopez and J. Jordan Steel

Industrial hemp as an agricultural crop in Ghana

Cannabis is one of humanity’s oldest crops with several uses, from food to clothing and medicine. It remains one of the most controversial crops whose production, possession, and usage are regulated differentl...

Authors: Nana Osei Owusu, Benedict Arthur and Emmanuel Mensah Aboagye

A narrative review of the ethnomedicinal usage of Cannabis sativa Linnaeus as traditional phytomedicine by folk medicine practitioners of Bangladesh

There is a worldwide interest in the use of Cannabis sativa for biomedicine purposes. Cannabis has ethnomedicinal usage as a natural medicine in Bangladesh and cultivated during the British Empire period for reve...

Authors: Shahriar S. M. Shakil, Matt Gowan, Kerry Hughes, Md. Nur Kabidul Azam and Md. Nasir Ahmed

The biosynthesis of the cannabinoids

Cannabis has been integral to Eurasian civilization for millennia, but a century of prohibition has limited investigation. With spreading legalization, science is pivoting to study the pharmacopeia of the cann...

Authors: M. Nazir Tahir, Fred Shahbazi, Simon Rondeau-Gagné and John F. Trant

The frequency distribution of reported THC concentrations of legal cannabis flower products increases discontinuously around the 20% THC threshold in Nevada and Washington state

Cannabis laboratory testing reliability is a scientific and policy challenge in US states with legal cannabis. Greater reported THC concentration yields higher prices, and media reports describe a well-known c...

Authors: Michael J. Zoorob

Reasons for cannabidiol use: a cross-sectional study of CBD users, focusing on self-perceived stress, anxiety, and sleep problems

Public and medical interest in cannabidiol (CBD) has been rising, and CBD is now available from various sources. Research into the effects of low-dose CBD on outcomes like stress, anxiety, and sleep problems h...

Authors: Julie Moltke and Chandni Hindocha

Medical cannabis for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: a retrospective, open-label case series

The use of cannabis for treating fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) has not been comprehensively investigated. Thus, we have assessed the efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of short- and long-term medical cannabis (MC...

Authors: Manuela Mazza

Cannabis use is not associated with increased balance disturbances in HIV-infected individuals

The association between long-term cannabis use and balance disturbances has not been investigated in people living with HIV (PWH). We hypothesized that long-term cannabis use in PWH might be associated with mo...

Authors: Patrick Kiendrebeogo, David Grelotti, Mariana Cherner, Raeanne C. Moore, Bin Tang and Ronald J. Ellis

Communication between healthcare providers and medical cannabis patients regarding referral and medication substitution

People report using cannabis as a substitute for prescription medications but may be doing so without the knowledge of their primary health care providers (PCPs). This lack of integration creates serious conce...

Authors: Kevin F. Boehnke, Evangelos Litinas, Brianna Worthing, Lisa Conine and Daniel J. Kruger

Trends in intellectual property rights protection for medical cannabis and related products

The purpose of this review is to advance the field of applied cannabis research by providing insights into the patenting of medical cannabis and current intellectual property rights (IPR) data.

Authors: Joseph Wyse and Gilad Luria

E-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury and state-level cannabis policies

Multiple cases of e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) have been reported in the USA, which have been attributed to informally obtained cannabis oil vaping devices. This report esti...

Authors: Danielle M. Smith and Maciej L. Goniewicz

Changes in cannabis use according to socioeconomic status among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015

Despite reduced sanctions and more permissive attitudes toward cannabis use in the USA and Europe, the prevalences of adolescent cannabis use have remained rather stable in the twenty-first century. However, w...

Authors: Noora Knaappila, Mauri Marttunen, Sari Fröjd, Nina Lindberg and Riittakerttu Kaltiala

Feline cognitive dysfunction as a model for Alzheimer’s disease in the research of CBD as a potential treatment—a narrative review

With the improvement in modern medicine, the world’s human and feline (Felis catus, the domestic cat) population is aging. As the population grows older, there is an increase of age-related diseases, such as Alzh...

Authors: Lilach Zadik-Weiss, Sivan Ritter, Vered Hermush, Nethanel Asher, Avi Avital and Reuven Or

Comparison of cannabidiol to citalopram in targeting fear memory in female mice

Cannabidiol (CBD) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, these drugs are commonly studied after dosing just prior to ext...

Authors: Zackary T. Montoya, Amy L. Uhernik and Jeffrey P. Smith

Regulatory sampling of industrial hemp plant samples (Cannabis sativa L.) using UPLC-MS/MS method for detection and quantification of twelve cannabinoids

In 2018, the Farm Bill mandated the United States Department of Agriculture to develop regulations governing the cultivation, processing, and marketing of industrial hemp. Industrial hemp is defined as Cannabis s...

Authors: Erin C. Berthold, Rui Yang, Abhisheak Sharma, Shyam H. Kamble, Siva R. Kanumuri, Tamara I. King, Raluca Popa, Joshua H. Freeman, Zachary T. Brym, Bonnie A. Avery and Christopher R. McCurdy

The effectiveness of inhaled Cannabis flower for the treatment of agitation/irritability, anxiety, and common stress

An observational research design was used to evaluate which types of commonly labeled Cannabis flower product characteristics are associated with changes in momentary feelings of distress-related symptoms.

Authors: Sarah S. Stith, Xiaoxue Li, Jegason P. Diviant, Franco C. Brockelman, Keenan S. Keeling, Branden Hall and Jacob M. Vigil

A qualitative review of cannabis stigmas at the twilight of prohibition

As laws change and cannabis use increases, it is worthwhile to take a rich account of cannabis stigmas in society, and this review identifies a disjunction between quantitative investigations on cannabis users...

Authors: Matt Reid

Accounting and the US cannabis industry: federal financial regulations and the perspectives of Certified Public Accountants and cannabis businesses owners

Cannabis-related businesses (CRBs), in states where cannabis is legal, may be unable to obtain professional financial services including banking, insurance, and accounting because of federal laws and regulatio...

Authors: G. Suzanne Owens-Ott

Publisher Correction to: Motivations and expectations for using cannabis products to treat pain in humans and dogs: a mixed methods study

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Jean E. Wallace, Lori R. Kogan, Eloise C. J. Carr and Peter W. Hellyer

Substance use during pregnancy: impact on Colorado community hospital

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) leads to increased length of stay (LOS), which leads to increased healthcare costs, and can cause financial burdens for hospitals. The purpose of the study was to determine t...

Authors: Jacinda Heintzelman, Lisa Persons and Igor Melnykov

Frequency of cannabis use and alcohol-associated adverse effects in a representative sample of U.S. adolescents and youth (2002–2014) a cross-sectional study

While the link between frequent cannabis use and alcohol use disorders is well documented, it is not clear whether alcohol drinkers who use cannabis less frequently are also vulnerable to alcohol use disorders...

Authors: Majed M. Ramadan, Jim E. Banta, Khaled Bahjri and Susanne B. Montgomery

Cannabis sativa extracts protect LDL from Cu²⁺-mediated oxidation

Multiple therapeutic properties have been attributed to Cannabis sativa. However, further research is required to unveil the medicinal potential of Cannabis and the relationship between biological activity and ch...

Authors: Bruno Musetti, Helena González-Ramos, Mercedes González, Edward M. Bahnson, Javier Varela and Leonor Thomson

Motivations and expectations for using cannabis products to treat pain in humans and dogs: a mixed methods study

Social media and academic literature suggest that more people are using cannabis to treat their own or their dog’s chronic pain. This study identifies the reasons people use cannabis products to treat their ow...

Authors: Jean E. Wallace, Lori R. Kogan, Eloise C. J. Carr and Peter W. Hellyer

Methods for quantification of cannabinoids: a narrative review

Around 144 cannabinoids have been identified in cannabis plant, among them tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most prominent ones. Because of the legal restrictions on cannabis in many co...

Authors: Masoumeh Pourseyed Lazarjani, Stephanie Torres, Thom Hooker, Chris Fowlie, Owen Young and Ali Seyfoddin

Chronic cannabis consumption and physical exercise performance in healthy adults: a systematic review

The effects of chronic cannabis consumption on physiological parameters of athletic performance are investigated to determine whether chronic cannabis consumption negatively affects athletic performance; impro...

Authors: Andrew Kramer, Justin Sinclair, Lara Sharpe and Jerome Sarris

Perspectives on formation of medical cannabis market in Ukraine based on holistic approach

Nowadays, medical cannabis still remains inaccesible for patients in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Even registered medicinal products based on herbal or synthetic cannabinoids, like Sa...

Authors: Nataliia Aliekperova, Кostyantyn Kosyachenko and Oleksandr Kaniura