Table 3 Baseline characteristics and all-cause mortality after propensity score matching among Covid-19 hospitalizations with and without active cannabis use
Variable: | Mean (Std. Err.) | t-test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
ACU (N = 2,382) | No ACU (N = 282,085) | t | p >| t | | |
Outcomes: | ||||
 Mortality | 0.02771 | 0.03946 | -2.25 | 0.024 |
 Mechanical Ventilation (MV) | 0.06927 | 0.06087 | 1.17 | 0.24 |
 Acute Pulmonary Embolism (PE) | 0.01427 | 0.01595 | -0.47 | 0.635 |
Age in years at admission, ya | 40.733(0.33) | 42.315(0.32) | -3.44 | 0.001 |
Age group (Continuous variable 1–6) | 2.0063(0.02) | 1.9987(0.02) | 0.28 | 0.778 |
Length of Stay in Days | 6.9353(0.26) | 6.9374 (0.25) | -0.01 | 0.995 |
Total Charges in US Dollars, $ | $71,652(2,937.96) | $72,346(3,253.98) | -0.16 | 0.874 |
AGE Group 1 | 0.32032(0.01) | 0.31906(0.01) | 0.09 | 0.926 |
AGE Group 2 | 0.44878(0.01) | 0.45508(0.01) | -0.44 | 0.662 |
AGE Group 3 | 0.14442(0.01) | 0.14442(0.01) | 0 | 1 |
AGE Group 4 | 0.07893(0.01) | 0.07389(0.01) | 0.65 | 0.513 |
AGE Group 5 | 0.00588(0.002) | 0.00462(0.01) | 0.6 | 0.548 |
AGE Group 6 | 0.00168(0.001) | 0.00294(0.01) | -0.91 | 0.365 |
Racial or Ethnic Group: White | 0.39379(0.01) | 0.41352(0.01) | -1.39 | 0.165 |
Racial or Ethnic Group: Black/African American | 0.36314(0.01) | 0.35516(0.01) | 0.57 | 0.566 |
Racial or Ethnic Group: Hispanic | 0.16541(0.01) | 0.15617(0.01) | 0.87 | 0.386 |
Racial or Ethnic Group: Pacific Islander | 0.01427(0.002) | 0.01092(0.003) | 1.04 | 0.299 |
Racial or Ethnic Group: Native American | 0.02729(0.003) | 0.03065(0.004) | -0.69 | 0.49 |
Racial or Ethnic Group: Other | 0.0361(0.004) | 0.03359(0.004) | 0.47 | 0.636 |
Female | 0.34677(0.01) | 0.35978(0.01) | -0.94 | 0.348 |
Primary Payor: Medicare | 0.18556(0.01) | 0.19479(0.01) | -0.81 | 0.417 |
Primary Payor: Medicaid | 0.42485(0.01) | 0.42779(0.01) | -0.21 | 0.838 |
Primary Payor: Private Insurance | 0.233(0.01) | 0.22376(0.01) | 0.76 | 0.448 |
Primary Payor: Self | 0.09278(0.01) | 0.08816(0.01) | 0.56 | 0.579 |
Primary Payor: No Charge | 0.00588(0.002) | 0.00546(0.01) | 0.19 | 0.847 |
Primary Payor: Other | 0.05793(0.01) | 0.06003(0.01) | -0.31 | 0.759 |
Hospital Bedsize 1: Small | 0.21914(0.01) | 0.21075(0.01) | 0.71 | 0.481 |
Hospital Bedsize 2: Medium | 0.27288(0.01) | 0.27204(0.01) | 0.07 | 0.948 |
Hospital Bedsize 3: Large | 0.50798(0.01) | 0.51721(0.01) | -0.64 | 0.524 |
Hospital Location/Teaching Status 1: Rural | 0.04114(0.004) | 0.04156(0.004) | -0.07 | 0.942 |
Hospital Location/Teaching Status 2: Urban Nonteaching | 0.144(0.01) | 0.15155(0.01) | -0.73 | 0.463 |
Hospital Location/Teaching Status 3: Urban Teaching | 0.81486(0.01) | 0.80688(0.01) | 0.7 | 0.482 |
Hospital Region 1: Northeast | 0.17632(0.01) | 0.18178(0.01) | -0.49 | 0.623 |
Hospital Region 2: Midwest | 0.24433(0.01) | 0.23971(0.01) | 0.37 | 0.71 |
Hospital Region 3: South | 0.35978(0.01) | 0.35726(0.01) | 0.18 | 0.856 |
Hospital Region 4: West | 0.21956(0.01) | 0.22124(0.01) | -0.14 | 0.889 |
ZIPINC_QRTL1 | 0.42569(0.01) | 0.411(0.01) | 1.03 | 0.304 |
ZIPINC_QRTL2 | 0.25105(0.01) | 0.27624(0.01) | -1.97 | 0.049 |
ZIPINC_QRTL3 | 0.19186(0.01) | 0.178(0.01) | 1.23 | 0.218 |
ZIPINC_QRTL4 | 0.1314(0.01) | 0.13476(0.01) | -0.34 | 0.733 |
Admission on the Weekend | 0.26994(0.01) | 0.28086(0.01) | -0.84 | 0.399 |
Admission Month 1: January | 0.0042(0.001) | 0.0021(0.001) | 1.29 | 0.196 |
Admission Month 2: February | 0.00462(0.001) | 0.00672(0.002) | -0.96 | 0.335 |
Admission Month 3: March | 0.02939(0.003) | 0.02897(0.003) | 0.09 | 0.931 |
Admission Month 4: April | 0.07473(0.01) | 0.07641(0.01) | -0.22 | 0.826 |
Admission Month 5: May | 0.06591(0.01) | 0.06171(0.01) | 0.59 | 0.553 |
Admission Month 6: June | 0.07557(0.01) | 0.07431(0.01) | 0.17 | 0.869 |
Admission Month 7: July | 0.13056(0.01) | 0.13728(0.01) | -0.68 | 0.496 |
Admission Month 8: August | 0.0974(0.01) | 0.09782(0.01) | -0.05 | 0.961 |
Admission Month 9: September | 0.06801(0.01) | 0.07137(0.01) | -0.46 | 0.649 |
Admission Month 10: October | 0.08564(0.01) | 0.08522(0.01) | 0.05 | 0.959 |
Admission Month 11: November | 0.17045(0.01) | 0.17212(0.01) | -0.15 | 0.878 |
Admission Month 12: December | 0.19353(0.01) | 0.18598(0.01) | 0.66 | 0.506 |
Elixsum Median ≥ 4 | 0.49748(0.01) | 0.53065(0.01) | -2.29 | 0.022 |
Congestive Heart Failure | 0.10663(0.01) | 0.11041(0.01) | -0.42 | 0.675 |
Cardiac Arrhythmias | 0.13644(0.01) | 0.14777(0.01) | -1.12 | 0.263 |
Valvular Disease | 0.02183(0.003) | 0.02393(0.003) | -0.48 | 0.628 |
Pulmonary Circulation Disorders | 0.03442(0.004) | 0.03359(0.004) | 0.16 | 0.873 |
Peripheral Vascular Disorders | 0.02687(0.003) | 0.02561(0.003) | 0.27 | 0.786 |
Hypertension Uncomplicated | 0.36566(0.01) | 0.37406(0.01) | -0.6 | 0.548 |
Paralysis | 0.01805(0.003) | 0.02183(0.003) | -0.93 | 0.351 |
Other Neurological Disorders | 0.13476(0.01) | 0.13854(0.01) | -0.38 | 0.704 |
Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 0.2204(0.01) | 0.22544(0.01) | -0.42 | 0.676 |
Diabetes Uncomplicated | 0.08732(0.01) | 0.09362(0.01) | -0.76 | 0.449 |
Diabetes Complicated | 0.15071(0.01) | 0.14861(0.01) | 0.2 | 0.839 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.03904(0.004) | 0.04828(0.004) | -1.56 | 0.119 |
Renal Failure | 0.10705(0.01) | 0.10621(0.01) | 0.09 | 0.925 |
Liver Disease | 0.08144(0.01) | 0.09992(0.01) | -2.22 | 0.026 |
Peptic Ulcer Disease without Bleeding | 0.0063(0.002) | 0.00588(0.002) | 0.19 | 0.852 |
Rheumatoid Arthritis Collagen Vascular Disorder | 0.01763(0.003) | 0.01763(0.003) | 0 | 1 |
Coagulopathy | 0.08354(0.01) | 0.09866(0.01) | -1.81 | 0.07 |
Obesity | 0.20865(0.01) | 0.22124(0.01) | -1.06 | 0.29 |
Weight Loss | 0.04534(0.004) | 0.0445(0.004) | 0.14 | 0.889 |
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders | 0.39337(0.01) | 0.40218(0.01) | -0.62 | 0.534 |
Blood Loss Anemia | 0.00252(0.001) | 0.0042(0.001) | -1 | 0.317 |
Deficiency Anemia | 0.03988(0.004) | 0.03988(0.004) | 0 | 1 |
Alcohol Abuse | 0.17506(0.01) | 0.17128(0.01) | 0.34 | 0.73 |
Psychoses | 0.14316(0.01) | 0.13476(0.01) | 0.84 | 0.402 |
Depression | 0.20571(0.01) | 0.20907(0.01) | -0.29 | 0.775 |
Hypertension Complicated | 0.144(0.01) | 0.1419(0.01) | 0.21 | 0.836 |
Aspirin | 0.07137(0.01) | 0.06927(0.01) | 0.28 | 0.777 |
Long Term Anticoagulation | 0.0424(0.004) | 0.0487(0.004) | -1.04 | 0.297 |
Long Term NSAID | 0.01259(0.002) | 0.00756(0.002) | 1.74 | 0.082 |
Long Term Steroid | 0.01175(0.002) | 0.0105(0.002) | 0.41 | 0.679 |
Tobacco Use Disorder | 0.3283(0.01) | 0.32242(0.01) | 0.43 | 0.665 |
Coronary Artery Disease | 0.07431(0.01) | 0.06339(0.01) | 1.49 | 0.137 |
Acute Kidney Injury | 0.20949(0.01) | 0.21201(0.01) | -0.21 | 0.831 |
Remdesivir Administration | 0.09068(0.01) | 0.09152(0.01) | -0.1 | 0.92 |
Vasopressor Use | 0.01301(0.002) | 0.01301(0.002) | 0 | 1 |
Hypomagnesemia | 0.04744(0.004) | 0.04954(0.004) | -0.34 | 0.736 |
Vitamin D Deficiency | 0.02225(0.003) | 0.02855(0.003) | -1.38 | 0.167 |
History of Bariatric Surgery | 0.00546(0.002) | 0.00672(0.002) | -0.56 | 0.576 |
Elixhauser Meanb | 3.8925(0.04) | 3.118 (0.004) | 12.7 | ≤ 0.001 |