Processing and extraction methods of medicinal cannabis: a narrative review

Table 3 Five protocols to extract cannabis by dynamic maceration (Romano and Hazekamp 2013)

Cannabis (g)	5	5	5	5	10
Solvent (mL)	Naphtha (200)	Petroleum ether (200)	Ethanol (200)	Olive oil (20) + water (70)	Olive oil (100)
Extraction/filtration 1	5 g Cannabis + 100 mL solvent, agitate 20 min	5 g Cannabis + 100 mL solvent, agitate 20 min	5 g Cannabis + 100 mL solvent, agitate 20 min	5 g Cannabis + 20 mL olive oil + 50 mL water; heat at 100 °C 60 min	10 g cannabis + 100 mL olive oil; heat at 100 °C 120 min
				Cool	Cool
	Paper filtration	Paper filtration	Paper filtration	Paper filtration with pressure	Paper filtration with pressure
Extraction/filtration 2	100 mL solvent, agitate 20 min	100 mL solvent, agitate 20 min	100 mL solvent, agitate 20 min	20 mL of hot water
	Paper filtration	Paper filtration	Paper filtration	Paper filtration with pressure	-
	Combine extracts	Combine extracts	Combine extracts	Combine extracts
Extract clean up	None	None	Optional activated charcoal filtration	None	None
Evaporation/separation	Boiling water bath with nitrogen stream	Boiling water bath with nitrogen stream	Boiling water bath with nitrogen stream	Phase separation; freeze; decant oil phase	None
Reconstitution	Reconstitute residue with ethanol to 100 mL	Reconstitute residue with ethanol to 100 mL	Reconstitute residue with ethanol to 100 mL		Collect the oil
Extract concentration (cannabis/solvent)	5 g/100 mL	5 g/100 mL	5 g/100 mL	5 g/20 mL	10 g/100 mL
Dilution factor for analysis	20 ×	20 ×	20 ×	100 ×	40 ×
Final concentration (cannabis/solvent)	2.5 mg/mL	2.5 mg/mL	2.5 mg/mL	2.5 mg/mL	2.5 mg/mL

ISSN: 2522-5782