Table 2 List of traditional uses of Cannabis sativa as phytomedicine used by the folk medicine practitioners of Bangladesh and potential therapeutic compounds
Ailment (s) treated | Part (s) used | Mode of preparations and administration | Reference | Potential therapeutic compounds (from literature) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sedative, paralysis, narcotic | Leaf, root | Not given | Rahmatullah et al. 2010d | Roots: friedelan-3-one, epifriedelanol, β-sitosterol, ergost-5-en-3-ol, methyl hexadecanoate, pentadecanoic acid, 10E-hexadecenoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside and p-coumaroyltyramine (Elhendawy et al. 2019) Triterpenoids (friedelin, epifriedelanol); alkaloids (cannabisativine, anhydrocannabisativine); carvone and dihydrocarvone; N-(p-hydroxy-β-phenylethyl)-p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamamide; sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) (Ryz et al. 2017) |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | Leaf, root | Not given | Rahmatullah et al. 2010e | |
Cancer, hypertension, antidote to poison, itch, rheumatoid arthritis. | Leaf, root | Not given | Rahmatullah et al. 2010f | |
Bitter, increases bile secretion, hallucinogeni, sex stimulant, to induce sleep, to induce pleasant sensations, excessive menstruation, urination problems | Leaf | Not given | Rahmatullah et al. 2010g | |
Fever | Root | Macerated roots of Cannabis sativa and leaves of Chromolaena odorata are combined and taken | Rahmatullah et al. 2011 | Leaves: cannabispirketal, α-cannabispiranol 4’-O-β-D-glucopyranose, cannabispirenone-A, cannabispirone, 9,10-dihydro-2,3,5,6-tetramethoxyphenanthrene-1,4-dione, 4-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetramethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylnon-2-en-4-olide, Indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, cannflavin A, 6-geranylapigenin, 6-isopentenyl apigenin, cannflavin B, 8-isopentenyl isorhamnetin, orientin, vitexin, 4′-methoxy orientin, and cytisoside (Guo et al., 2017). |
Bloating, cough, mucus. | Leaf | Leaf juice is taken orally for all three ailments. | Rahmatullah et al. 2009 | |
Wound infections of cattle | Leaf | Not given | Rashid et al. 2010 | |
CNS depressant, gout, arthritic pain | Leaf | One teaspoon powder obtained from crushed and dried leaf is added to water and taken once orally. | Mawla et al. 2012 | |
Seeds’ oil: Cannabinoids (Cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabiripsol, Cannabitriol, Cannabigerol, Cannabielsoin, Cannabinol, Cannabichromene, Cannabicitran) β-caryophyllene, myrcene, β-sitosterol, methyl salicylate, fatty acids (linoleic, α-linolenic, and oleic), campesterol, phytol, cycloartenol, and γ-tocopherol (Citti et al. 2019a; Leizer et al. 2000; Nabukenya et al. 2014) | ||||
Insomnia, coughs, low libido | Leaf, seed | Leaves and seeds are dried, powdered and made into balls of about 1/16 kg each. One ball is taken daily for coughs, mucus, as a narcotic and to induce sleep. The seeds are taken for sexual stimulation. | Nawaz et al. 2009 | |
Cancer | All parts | Not given | Mollik et al., 2010 | |
Insanity, tetanus, menstrual pain, tuberculosis, rheumatism, cancer chemotherapy, and cancer pain | Root, seed, | (a) Root is made into a paste with 25 black pepper and given twice daily for insanity and tetanus, also used for relieves pain of dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and phthisis (b) Seed oil is used in rheumatism, cancer chemotherapy and cancer pain. | Siddique et al. 2006 | |
Poor digestion, hallucinogenic, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, induce pleasant sensations, excessive menstruation, urination problems. | Leaf | Paste from leaves which has been heated | Walid et al. 2013 | |
Schizophrenia like psychotic problems | Leaf | (a) Leaves are used to make oil then massage on the scalp until cured. (b) If a patient is in severe condition, then the leaves are used to make vapor which is inhaled through the nose. | Ahmed and Azam 2014 | |
(a) Dandruff (b) Headache, asthma | Leaf, resin | (a) Leaves make a good snuff for deterging the brain; juice removes dandruff (b) The resin called Charas is used to prevent and cure headache and asthma. | Sultana and Rahman 2017 | |
Soporific, abortifacient | Leaf, Inflorescence | Not given | Kona and Rahman 2016 | |
(a) Strangulated hernia and griping pains of dysentery (b) Diarrhea, dyspepsia and bowel complaints. | Leaf, flower | (a) The smoke of dried pistillate of flowering tops which are coated with resinous exudation is passed through the rectum for relief from strangulated hernia and griping pains of dysentery (b) The preparation made specially from dried leaves and flowers known as bhang, siddhi or hashis is given to check diarrhea, dyspepsia and bowel complaints | Kadir et al., 2013 | |
Erectile dysfunction | Root | Root juice is orally taken | Hasan et al. 2015a | |
To expedite delivery | Leaf | Leaves are fried in ghee and powdered and then orally taken with warm water. | Mahnoor et al., 2015 |