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Table 1 Summary of cannabinoid production per treatment

From: Effects of short-term environmental stresses on the onset of cannabinoid production in young immature flowers of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

 

Mechanical wound (5-day)

Herbivore (5-day)

Excess heat (7-day)

Drought (7-day)

Control (μg/g)

Treatment (μg/g)

Control (μg/g)

Treatment (μg/g)

Control (μg/g)

Treatment (μg/g)

Control (μg/g)

Treatment (μg/g)

CBGA

− 130 ± 663

172 ± 424

308 ± 168

− 24 ± 47**

206 ± 147

− 182 ± 133***

265 ± 103

34 ± 188

CBG

− 2 ± 28

49 ± 51

69 ± 85

− 52 ± 43*

21 ± 29

− 112 ± 105*

336 ± 49

622 ± 110***

CBDA

611 ± 3216

7223 ± 4113

671 ± 2108

− 1367 ± 1053

− 1948 ± 3065

− 3081 ± 1442

4131 ± 3065

826 ± 4417

CBD

− 174 ± 354

249 ± 162

755 ± 397

194 ± 121*

− 55 ± 174

− 338±471

1182 ± 60

297 ± 267****

THCA

593 ± 3596

7112 ± 3671

200 ± 2825

− 806 ± 911

− 1917 ± 2129

− 2829±718

3201 ± 4801

3849 ± 3851

THC

− 596 ± 734

232 ± 421

1771 ± 1034

687 ± 301

− 21 ± 398

− 1137 ± 1391

3927 ± 242

580 ± 555****

  1. Floral cannabinoid production differences in the 2 weeks old immature buds in response to mechanical wound, herbivore, excess heat, and drought. Plants were harvested for the cannabinoid analysis 14 days after the transition to the short-day. For statistical analyses, three floral tissues from control- and stress-treated plants were quantified for cannabinoid production. The differences in the cannabinoid level were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Significantly changed cannabinoid in the stress-treated immature buds are depicted as bold with asterisk in the table (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). Note: concentration values reported are the difference between the concentration on day 1 and the concentration on day 6 or 8. A positive value indicates that an increase in that cannabinoid was observed in that 6–8 day period, whereas, a negative value indicates that cannabinoid decreased concentration