Fig. 3

Differential cannabinoids production in response to 7 days of short-term heat stress during the first 2 weeks of flowering. Quantitative comparisons of cannabigerolic acid (A), cannabidiolic acid (B), Δ-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (C), cannabigerol (D), cannabidiol (E), and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (F) production in hemp flower, leaf, and stem tissues in response to 7 days of heat (45–50 ^oC) stress. The values above indicate the difference in concentrations between day 1 and day 8 of flowering. A negative value indicates a lower concentration after 8 days of flowering than at initiation, whereas a positive value indicates an increase in concentration over that 8-day period. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. The bar graph represents mean ± s.d. (n = 3). ***p < 0.001 and *p < 0.05