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Table 1 Tabulated data from each of the studies included in the systematic review

From: A systematic review of medical students’ and professionals’ attitudes and knowledge regarding medical cannabis

Study

Country (state)

Total # participants

Participant type

Mean age

% male

Q1: Legal MC (% yes)

Q2: Therapeutic Utility (% yes)

Q3: Recreational (%yes)

Q4: Amend Schedule I (% yes)

Q5: Knowledge (% yes)

Q6: Education (% yes)

Q7: Addiction (% yes)

Ablin (2016)

Israel

23

Rheumatologists

45

78

N/A

74

N/A

N/A

26

N/A

N/A

Ananth (2018)

USA

288

Pediatric oncologists

35

15

92

92

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

37

Balneaves (2018)

Canada

182

NP’s

N/A

N/A

97

72

N/A

N/A

N/A

76

N/A

Bega (2017)

Multi-national

56

Neurologists

N/A

55

70

N/A

50

52

N/A

93

N/A

Berlekamp (2019)

USA (OH)

319

Pharmacy students

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

44

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Braun (2018)

USA

237

Oncologists

N/A

66

N/A

67

N/A

N/A

29

N/A

N/A

Burke (1971)

USA

1586

Med & pharmacy students

N/A

N/A

16

N/A

41

57

66

N/A

N/A

Caligiuri (2018)

USA (IA)

238

Pharmacy students

N/A

29

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

16

77

N/A

Carlini (2015)

USA (WA)

494

Mixed professionals

N/A

31

72

74

N/A

72

N/A

96

62

Chan (2017)

USA (CO)

236

Medical students

<30

52

74

86

64

72

N/A

91

88

Charuvastra (2005)

USA

960

Mixed physicians

N/A

N/A

36

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Cogswell (2015)

USA (CA)

175

Medical students & social workers

<30

23

N/A

24

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Crosby (2018)

USA (WA)

120

Healthcare students

<24

11

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

63

N/A

N/A

Crowley (2017)

Ireland

565

GP’s

N/A

49

59

69

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Doblin (1991)

USA

978

Oncologists

N/A

N/A

53

63

N/A

54

70

N/A

N/A

Ebert (2015)

Israel

72

Mixed physicians

51

65

83

79

23

N/A

80

89

N/A

Fitzcharles (2014)

Canada

128

Rheumatologists

45

57

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

26

N/A

N/A

Hwang (2016)

USA (MN)

738

Pharmacists

49

N/A

N/A

43

N/A

N/A

10

N/A

49

Jacobs (2019)

Australia

86

Psychiatrists

N/A

57

N/A

86

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

58

Karanges (2018)

Australia

640

GP’s

N/A

33

57

44

N/A

N/A

10

N/A

56

Kondrad (2013)

USA (CO)

520

Family physicians

50

56

19

67

30

37

N/A

92

86

Kusturica (2019)

Serbia

316

Medical students

N/A

32

76

82

N/A

N/A

65

N/A

62

Lieff (1973)

USA (MA)

35

Mixed physicians

N/A

N/A

69

N/A

48

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Linn (1989)

USA

303

Mixed physicians

48

87

N/A

N/A

41

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Luba (2018)

USA

426

Mixed medical professionals

49

43

N/A

89

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Martins (2017)

USA

137

Mixed medical professionals

39

44

N/A

95

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

13

Mathern (2015)

Multi-national

776

Mixed physicians

N/A

N/A

83

35

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Michalec (2015)

USA (DE)

87

Mixed physicians

>50

78

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

39

31

29

Mitchell (2016)

Canada

769

Hospital pharmacists

41

41

N/A

55

N/A

N/A

17

N/A

N/A

Moeller (2015)

USA

311

Pharmacy students

N/A

39

59

91

35

59

N/A

90

N/A

Norberg (2012)

Australia

664

GP’s (503) & Nurses (162)

48

21

34

N/A

N/A

N/A

42

97

N/A

Philpot (2019)

USA (MN)

62

Mixed physicians & PA’s

46

57

39

58

N/A

N/A

50

77

N/A

Ricco (2017)

USA (MN)

60

Family Physicians

N/A

N/A

N/A

25

N/A

N/A

5

N/A

58

Schwartz (1997)

USA

1122

Oncologists

47

N/A

28

N/A

15

28

N/A

N/A

N/A

Sideris (2018)

USA (NY)

164

Mixed physicians

N/A

63

71

N/A

N/A

N/A

40

N/A

N/A

Stojanovic (2017)

Serbia

80

Pharmacy students

N/A

N/A

75

91

N/A

N/A

N/A

68

50

Szyliowicz (2019)

USA (CA)

474

Pharmacists

N/A

41

N/A

75

N/A

N/A

18

92

N/A

Uritsky (2011)

USA

194

Hospice medical professionals

47

17

91

86

90

N/A

N/A

N/A

45

Ziemianski (2015)

Canada

426

Mixed physicians

N/A

N/A

85

73

N/A

N/A

N/A

64

N/A

Zylla (2018)

USA (MN)

153

Oncologists

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

63

85

N/A

TOTAL

N/A

Total: 15,200

Mean: 380

SD: 345

Median: 263

IQR: 419

Range: 1563

N/A

Mean: 43.81

SD: 4.812

Median: 47

IQR: 4

Range: 16

Mean: 41.33

SD: 17.24

Median: 44

IQR: 26

Range: 76

49.9 (25.7)5

64.4 (18.7)5

36.5 (17.7)5

50.5 (15.4)5

41.0 (25.3)5

86.2 (13.8)5

57.8 (18.4)5

  1. Note: GP general practitioner, PA physician’s assistants, NP’s nurse practitioners
  2. *Fully-phrased questions: Q1 = Do you believe that physicians deserve the legal right to prescribe cannabis to patients? [i.e. Do you believe that cannabis should be legalized for therapeutic purposes?]; Q2 = Do you believe that cannabis has any therapeutic utility; Q3 = Do you believe that cannabis should be legalized for recreational use?; Q4 = [For US-based papers only] Do you believe that the USA should amend cannabis’ federal status as a schedule 1 controlled substance (the most restrictive classification, asserting that the substance has no accepted medical use)?; Q5 = Do you feel confident in your level of knowledge regarding the health effects of cannabis?; Q6 = Do you desire additional education regarding MMJ and/or do believe that education on (medical) cannabis should be made readily available to medical professionals?; Q7 = Are you concerned about cannabis’ dependence/addiction potential?
  3. 1Weighted mean for all studies providing an exact integer value for mean age; 2 weighted SD
  4. 3Pooled and weighted percent-male value; 4weighted SD in parentheses
  5. 5Pooled and weighted percent-yes value; weighted SD in parentheses
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Journal of Cannabis Research

ISSN: 2522-5782