Table 1 General characteristics of eligible websites
From: Cannabis for pain: a cross-sectional survey of the patient information quality on the Internet
Website name | URL | Website category | Cannabis therapies discussed | Non-cannabis therapies discussed | Appeared in more than one search? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analytical Cannabis | Cannabis News | Cannabis oils, edibles, vapes, and joints | NSAIDs, opioids | Yes | |
Arthritis | Non-profit | Cannabis creams, joints, edibles, vapes, and oils | Many surgical and pharmaceutical interventions listed for arthritis (medications, DMARDs), CAM therapies, and supplements (acupuncture, meditation, massage, and some herbs) | Yes | |
Beaver Bud | Other | Cannabis creams, vape, oils, joints, edibles, and capsules | None | No | |
CanaboMedical Clinic | Professional | Cannabis oils, joints, and edibles, | Discusses some pharmaceuticals; opioids, NSAIDs, and antidepressants, as well as exercise and physiotherapy, herbs and plants, meditation, massage, acupuncture, exercise, yoga | Yes | |
Canex | Cannabis news | Cannabis vape, oils, creams, edibles, and joints | Opioids, NSAIDS, and physiotherapy | Yes | |
Cannabis Clinics | Professional | Cannabis vape and oils | None | Yes | |
Creaky Joints | Non-profit | Cannabis vape, oils, scrubs, and edibles | Some pharmaceuticals, anti-inflammatory diet, some CAM therapies and supplements such as acupuncture, reiki, tai chi, and fish oil | Yes | |
Denver Dispensaries | Commercial | Cannabis joints, edibles, and vape | None | Yes | |
Doctor Oz | Other | Cannabis oils, joints, and edibles | Opioids, Botox, surgery, heat/cold therapy, some pharmaceuticals, CAM therapies and medicines; fish oil, fresh ginger, guided meditation, massage therapy, yoga, gua sha, hvla, helichrysum oil, herbal plaster | Yes | |
The Growth Op | News | Cannabis vape, lube, oils, creams, edibles, and joints | Analgesics, NSAIDs, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, counterirritants, and yoga | No | |
Guidance PA | Other | Cannabis vape, salves, oils, patches, joints, and edibles | None | No | |
Health Central | Health portal | Cannabis vape, oils, creams, edibles, lube, and joints | Surgery, various pharmaceuticals, hormone therapy, DMARDs, NSAIDs, and CAM therapies and supplements; acupuncture, the alexander technique, visceral manipulation, and Omega-3 fatty acids | No | |
Health Europa | Cannabis news | Cannabis tincture, oils, edibles, patches, balms, drinks, and capsules | Some surgery and pharmaceuticals, yoga, ginger | Yes | |
Health Harvard | Professional | Cannabis vape, edibles, patches, capsules, and oils | TENS, surgery, physical therapy, and various pharmaceutical interventions, yoga, mind body therapies, acupuncture, massage therapy, tai chi, chiropractic, fish oil, hypnosis | Yes | |
Healthline | Health portal | Cannabis oils, edibles, joints, lotions, and gels | Medications, electrical stimulation, nerve block, surgery, and CAM therapies and CAM supplements; meditation, cloves acupuncture, yoga, biofeedback, turmeric, willow bark, essential oils, and ginger | Yes | |
Kevin MD | Health portal | Cannabis vape, oils, and edibles | Discusses conventional treatments such as surgery, pharmaceuticals, and physical therapy, acupuncture, and gingko biloba | Yes | |
Lab Blog UofM | Professional | Cannabis vape and joints | Surgery, Psychological counseling, and pharmaceutical interventions, CAM therapies; tai chi, mindfulness, and herbal supplements | Yes | |
Leafly | Commercial | Cannabis terpenes, edibles, joints, oils, vape, and drinks | Opioids | Yes | |
Marijuana Doctors | Professional | Cannabis oils, joints, creams, edibles, vape, and patches | Electrical stimulation, medications, nerve blocks, surgery, and acupuncture | Yes | |
Med Card Now | Professional | Cannabis joints, oils, and creams | None | Yes | |
Medical Cannabis | Non-profit | Cannabis edibles, oils, and tinctures | Opioids | Yes | |
Medical News Today | Health portal | Cannabis vape, oils, edibles, patches, and capsules | NSAIDs, opioids, nerve blocks, psychotherapy, TENS, surgery, heat/cold, and trigger point injections, and CAM therapies and supplements; such as deep tissue massage, acupuncture, meditation, Chinese herbal medicine, rosemary, turmeric, peppermint, eucalyptus and yoga | Yes | |
National Pain Report | Cannabis news | Cannabis vape, oils, capsules, sprays, creams, and edibles | Surgery and pharmaceutical interventions for pain (opioids), acupuncture, meditation, yoga, massage, and aromatherapy | Yes | |
Ohio Marijuana Card | Professional | Cannabis terpenes, vape, joints, oils, capsules, and creams | None | Yes | |
People's Cali | Commercial | Cannabis vape, oil, edibles, drinks, tinctures, joints, and creams | Opioids | No | |
Practical Pain Management | Health portal | Cannabis terpenes, oils, edibles, vape, patches, and capsules | Interventional pain management; TENS, hormone therapy, anti-nerve growth factor meds, physical therapy, and CAM therapies and supplements; yoga, laser, magnets, flaxseed, and homeopathy | Yes | |
Psychology Today | Health portal | Cannabis terpenes, vape, edibles, and oils | Surgery, pharmaceuticals, cognitive behavioral therapy, and TENS, mindfulness, biofeedback, ginger root and yoga | No | |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | Non-profit | Cannabis oil | Discusses surgery exercise, diet, and a wide variety of medications (i.e. DMARDs, NSAIDs) in relation to arthritis treatment, briefly discusses mindfulness, massage, acupuncture, ginger and garlic | No | |
Safe Access Now | Non-profit | Cannabis oil, salve, vape, edibles, lotions, and balms | Opioids | Yes | |
SepaPain | Professional | Cannabis (general—no specific therapies discussed) | Surgery and conventional pharmaceutical treatments; steroid injections, epidural, Botox, suboxone therapy, and stem cell therapy, yoga, and acupuncture | Yes | |
Very Well Health | Health portal | Cannabis oil, capsules, joints, and vape | Surgery, pharmaceuticals, opioids, physical therapy, and antidepressants, massage therapy, acupuncture, and gingko biloba | Yes | |
Way of Leaf | Other | Cannabis oil, clothing, face masks, drinks, edibles, and ointment | Some pharmaceuticals | Yes | |
WebMD | Health portal | Cannabis oil, edibles, and vape | Drug therapy, trigger point injections, surgical implants, TENS, bioelectric therapy, physical therapy, psychological treatment, nutritional supplements, and dietary approaches, yoga, biofeedback, Ginger, Gingko, meditation, and visualization | Yes | |
Weed Maps | Commercial | Cannabis gum, lube, vape, edibles, and drinks | None | No | |
Weed News | Other | Cannabis oil, edibles, joints, creams, vape, salves, and lube | None | Yes | |
WikiLeaf | Cannabis news | Cannabis terpenes, vape, oils, joints, edibles, and drinks | Some CAM remedies (pinene) | No |