From: Comparing medical cannabis use in 5 US states: a retrospective database study
Characteristic | Massachusetts | Colorado | Maine | Connecticut | Maryland | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 27,892 mean (SD) or n (%) | n = 16,434 mean (SD) or n (%) | n = 4591 mean (SD) or n (%) | n = 2643 mean (SD) or n (%) | n = 2403 mean (SD) or n (%) | n = 61,379 mean (SD) or % | |
Age (years), mean (SD)a,b | 47.0 (15.9) | 43.3 (15.9) | 46.2 (15.6) | 42.2 (14.4) | 45.7 (15.7) | 45.5 (15.8) |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 14,615 (52.4%) | 9,969 (60.7%) | 2,720 (59.2%) | 1,506 (57.0%) | 1,019 (42.4%) | 54.8% |
 Female | 10,413 (37.3%) | 6,353 (38.7%) | 1,746 (38.0%) | 1,067 (40.4%) | 714 (29.7%) | 37.8% |
 Non-binary | 12 (0.0%) | 5 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | 6 (0.2%) | 4 (0.2%) | 0.1% |
 Unknown/unspecified | 2,851 (10.2%) | 107 (0.7%) | 124 (2.7%) | 64 (2.4%) | 666 (27.7%) | 7.3% |
Race | n=11,005 | n=12,266 | n=1,452 | n=1,927 | n=654 | n=32,275 |
 White | 10,304 (93.6%) | 10,372 (84.6%) | 1,396 (96.1%) | 1,615 (83.8%) | 446 (68.2%) | 87.5% |
 Black | 451 (4.1%) | 1,169 (9.5%) | 17 (1.2%) | 268 (13.9%) | 184 (28.1%) | 8.5% |
 Other | 110 (1.0%) | 316 (2.6%) | 20 (1.4%) | 21 (1.1%) | 6 (0.9%) | 1.6% |
 Asian | 94 (0.9%) | 117 (1.0%) | 7 (0.5%) | 13 (0.7%) | 10 (1.5%) | 0.9% |
 American Indian/Alaska Native | 9 (0.1%) | 210 (1.7%) | 10 (0.7%) | 6 (0.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | 0.8% |
 Middle Eastern | 22 (0.2%) | 19 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.2%) | 3 (0.5%) | 0.2% |
 Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | 2 (0.0%) | 47 (0.4%) | 2 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.3%) | 0.2% |
 South East Asian | 13 (0.1%) | 16 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.1% |
Surrogate household income | n=25,182 | n=15,627 | n=4,222 | n=2,595 | n=1,718 | n=56,083 |
 Median | $75,480 | $64,251 | $55,737 | $71,961 | $84,257 | $69,481 |
 (IQR) | ($37,785) | ($32,120) | ($19,633) | ($29,852) | ($37,917) | ($35,807) |
Smoking statusa,b | ||||||
 Smoker | 3,994 (14.3%) | 4,059 (24.7%) | 1,022 (22.3%) | 638 (24.1%) | 271 (11.3%) | 18.8% |
 Non-Smoker | 23,897 (85.7%) | 12,375 (75.3%) | 3,569 (77.7%) | 2,005 (75.9%) | 2,132 (88.7%) | 81.2% |
Alcohol consumptiona,b | ||||||
 Yes | 12,459 (44.7%) | 6,323 (38.5%) | 1,905 (41.5%) | 1,081 (40.9%) | 976 (40.6%) | 42.5% |
 No | 15,432 (55.3%) | 10,111 (61.5%) | 2,686 (58.5%) | 1,562 (59.1%) | 1,427 (59.4%) | 57.5% |
Previous cannabis experiencea,b | ||||||
 Yes | 20,118 (72.1%) | 10,450 (63.6%) | 3,509 (76.4%) | 1,959 (74.1%) | 1,399 (58.2%) | 66.9% |
 No | 7,773 (27.9%) | 5,984 (36.4%) | 1,082 (23.6%) | 684 (25.9%) | 1,004 (41.8%) | 33.1% |
Use of non-cannabis illicit drugs | ||||||
 Yes | 95 (0.3%) | 89 (0.5%) | 15 (0.3%) | 12 (0.5%) | 5 (0.2%) | 0.4% |
 No | 27,796 (99.7%) | 16,345 (99.5%) | 4,576 (99.7%) | 2,631 (99.5%) | 2,398 (99.8%) | 99.6% |
History of substance abusea,b | ||||||
 Yes | 1,875 (6.7%) | 380 (2.3%) | 296 (6.4%) | 330 (12.5%) | 81 (3.4%) | 5.6% |
 No | 26.016 (93.3%) | 16,054 (97.7%) | 4,295 (93.6%) | 2,313 (87.5%) | 2,322 (96.6%) | 94.4% |
Number of medicationsa,b | ||||||
 0 | 14,272 (51.2%) | 11,233 (68.4%) | 2,625 (57.2%) | 1,252 (47.4%) | 1,216 (50.6%) | 55.8% |
 1 | 3,780 (13.6%) | 1,601 (9.7%) | 569 (12.4%) | 358 (13.5%) | 427 (17.8%) | 12.8% |
 2 | 2,263 (8.1%) | 956 (5.8%) | 399 (8.7%) | 210 (8.0%) | 226 (9.4%) | 7.7% |
 3 | 1,683 (6.0%) | 738 (4.5%) | 244 (5.3%) | 179 (6.8%) | 158 (6.6%) | 5.7% |
 4 | 1,115 (4.0%) | 515 (3.1%) | 167 (3.6%) | 120 (4.5%) | 124 (5.1%) | 3.9% |
 5+ | 4,779 (17.1%) | 1,391 (8.5%) | 587 (12.8%) | 524 (19.8%) | 252 (10.5%) | 14.0% |
Average number of medications | 2.2 (3.5) | 1.2 (2.5) | 1.7 (3.1) | 2.5 (3.7) | 1.7 (2.8) | 2.1 (4.8) |
Number of non-pharmacologic therapies used | ||||||
 0 | 10,408 (37.3%) | 7,979 (48.6%) | 1,570 (34.2%) | 997 (37.7%) | 1,065 (44.3%) | 40.6% |
 1 | 5,558 (19.9%) | 3,537 (21.5%) | 1,121 (24.4%) | 586 (22.2%) | 487 (20.3%) | 20.9% |
 2 | 4,461 (16.0%) | 2,256 (13.7%) | 789 (17.2%) | 388 (14.7%) | 322 (13.4%) | 15.3% |
 3 | 3,184 (11.4%) | 1,264 (7.7%) | 503 (11.0%) | 265 (10.0%) | 264 (11.0%) | 10.1% |
 4 | 1,904 (6.9%) | 674 (4.1%) | 273 (5.9%) | 181 (6.8%) | 148 (6.2%) | 6.0% |
 5+ | 2,377 (8.5%) | 724 (4.4%) | 335 (7.3%) | 226 (8.6%) | 117 (4.9%) | 7.1% |
Non-pharmacologic therapies | ||||||
 Exercise | 12,540 (45.0%) | 5,935 (36.1%) | 2,151 (46.9%) | 1,137 (43.0%) | 935 (38.9%) | 42.1% |
 Massage therapy | 6,750 (24.2%) | 2,937 (17.9%) | 972 (21.2%) | 511 (19.3%) | 466 (19.4%) | 21.6% |
 Chiropractor | 5,540 (19.9%) | 2,272 (13.8%) | 1,050 (22.9%) | 362 (13.7%) | 349 (14.5%) | 18.0% |
 Mental health counselling | 6,117 (21.9%) | 1,579 (9.6%) | 864 (18.8%) | 757 (28.6%) | 421 (17.5%) | 18.3% |
 Physiotherapy | 1,342 (4.8%) | 1,270 (7.7%) | 215 (4.7%) | 102 (3.9%) | 100 (4.2%) | 5.5% |
 Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy | 2,760 (9.9%) | 1,111 (6.8%) | 251 (5.5%) | 295 (11.2%) | 175 (7.3%) | 8.4% |
 Aromatherapy | 1,669 (6.0%) | 1,015 (6.2%) | 293 (6.4%) | 211 (8.0%) | 139 (5.8%) | 6.3% |
 Homeopathic medicine | 1,467 (5.3%) | 793 (4.8%) | 278 (6.1%) | 123 (4.7%) | 92 (3.8%) | 5.2% |
 Acupuncture | 3,309 (11.9%) | 769 (4.7%) | 503 (11.0%) | 206 (7.8%) | 243 (10.1%) | 9.2% |
 Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) | 1,885 (6.8%) | 478 (2.9%) | 270 (5.9%) | 213 (8.1%) | 115 (4.8%) | 5.7% |
 Naturopathic medicine | 860 (3.1%) | 403 (2.5%) | 149 (3.2%) | 104 (3.9%) | 49 (2.0%) | 2.9% |
 Reiki | 1,380 (4.9%) | 308 (1.9%) | 205 (4.5%) | 113 (4.3%) | 71 (3.0%) | 3.8% |
 Addictions counselling | 602 (2.2%) | 137 (0.8%) | 131 (2.9%) | 115 (4.4%) | 35 (1.5%) | 1.9% |
 Acudetox | 19 (0.1%) | 29 (0.2%) | 7 (0.2%) | 4 (0.2%) | 6 (0.2%) | 0.1% |
 Other | 42 (0.1%) | 11 (0.1%) | 18 (0.4%) | 8 (0.3%) | 8 (0.3%) | 0.4% |
Number of comorbid conditions | ||||||
 0 | 2,206 (7.9%) | 6,263 (38.1%) | 294 (6.4%) | 212 (8.0%) | 213 (8.9%) | 17.6% |
 1 | 5,719 (20.5%) | 5,548 (33.8%) | 940 (20.5%) | 429 (16.2%) | 663 (27.6%) | 26.0% |
 2 | 4,935 (17.7%) | 2,540 (15.5%) | 991 (21.6%) | 402 (15.2%) | 459 (19.1%) | 16.1% |
 3 | 4,028 (14.4%) | 1,183 (7.2%) | 700 (15.2%) | 370 (14.0%) | 415 (17.3%) | 11.9% |
 4 | 3,276 (11.8%) | 548 (3.3%) | 531 (11.6%) | 310 (11.7%) | 253 (10.5%) | 9.0% |
 5+ | 7,728 (27.7%) | 352 (2.1%) | 1,135 (24.7%) | 920 (34.9%) | 400 (16.6%) | 19.4% |
Total number of conditions, mean (SD)a,b | 4.3 (2.8) | 2.1 (1.3) | 4.1 (2.6) | 4.8 (3.1) | 3.6 (2.1) | 3.7 (2.6) |